The 2022 Nobel Prize for Medicine goes to Swedish paleogenomics pioneer Svante Pääbo, who sequenced the genome of the Neanderthal and discovered the previously unknown hominin Denisova. Paabo -- the founder and director of the department of genetics at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig -- found that gene transfer had occurred from these now extinct hominins to Homo sapiens following the migration out of Africa around 70,000 years ago.

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